基于改进欧几里得聚类的激光雷达障碍物检测

针对传统的欧氏聚类算法无法同时对近处和远处的障碍物点云进行精准检测和分割,容易造成错检和漏检的情况,提出一种欧氏聚类算法的改进方法,可以根据点云与激光雷达之间的距离动态地选择阈值,从而快速且准确地完成聚类.实验表明:该方法能同时对近处和远处的障碍物点云进行快速且准确的聚类.     

阶次自适应AR等效电路模型的锂电池SOC滑模观测

基于等效电路模型的一类车载动力电池剩余荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)的估算方法，其估算精度高度依赖于模型精度，模型精度又正比于模型复杂度，以至于难以较好地应用于嵌入式控制单元.提出复杂度相对较低、能够自适应确定最优模型阶次的全新等效电路模型——基于阶次自适应AR模型的车载动力电池等效电路灰箱模型.基于此灰箱模型，给出锂离子电池SOC的滑模观测器设计推导及能观性、收敛性证明.结果表明，本文提出的基于阶次自适应AR等效电路灰箱模型的滑模观测器SOC估算方法(adaptive autoregressive-sliding mode observer，AAR-SMO)具有低模型复杂度、高精度、强鲁棒性及快速收敛等性能.     

数控机床故障分析与可靠性评价技术的研究

针对传统数控机床可靠性建模时只考虑故障间隔时间而忽略故障性质的现象，提出兼顾机械故障和电气故障的混合威布尔分布模型，进而提高模型准确度.利用最大似然法来确定混合威布尔分布模型参数，用皮尔逊相关系数来确定数控机床各故障时间之间的关系.并通过K-S方法对模型进行检验， 最后确定其符合混合威布尔分布，并运用可靠性评定方法得出数控机床的平均无故障时间.     

光纤光学频率梳

在时域上,光学频率梳(光频梳)表现为时间间隔固定的超短脉冲序列,具有飞秒量级的时间宽度和极高的瞬时电场强度;在频域上,光频梳呈现为数百万频率间隔固定的频率齿的集合,每根梳齿都具备窄线宽稳频连续激光器的频率精度。光频梳已经发展成为一种重要的科研工具,广泛应用于高精度原子、分子特征信息识别,物质内部结构解析,生物成像及空间遥感成像等诸多科学研究领域。文章首先说明光频梳的基本技术原理,然后介绍华东师范大学精密光谱科学与技术国家重点实验室在光频梳研制领域的进展,并详细介绍基于自研光频梳发展的两种应用:双光梳三维编码成像和双光梳分子光谱。     

约束空间近似正交的空间填充试验设计方法

试验设计空间存在约束是一种广泛存在的实际工程问题, 针对现有的约束空间试验设计方法存在生成设计点数不灵活, 算法优化时间长、效率低, 适用约束类型有限, 设计准则单一等问题, 提出一种约束空间近似正交的空间填充试验设计方法。基于设计点之间的距离和相关系数值构造试验设计准则, 通过改进的随机坐标交换算法进行方案求解。所提算法适合凸约束、非凸约束、解析约束、非解析约束等多种类型的约束, 而且适用于多维度的不规则试验设计空间。示例分析表明, 与现有方法相比, 所提算法具有优良的空间填充特性和较好的正交性。     

联程中转旅客的城市枢纽间换乘行为建模

针对旅客联程运输中旅客中转换乘行为,构建了多项Logit(Multinomial Logit,MNL)模型进行刻画分析.首先,设计了陈述偏好(Stated Preference,SP)调查问卷进行数据采集;其次,基于MNL模型对联程中转旅客的城市枢纽间换乘行为进行建模,并利用Biogeme软件对模型参数进行标定;最后,计算出各方式的分担率并与实际调查结果进行对比分析.结果表明:与出行目的、行李大小等因素相比,联程旅客个人特征(年龄、职业、收入等)的影响最为显著,考虑了旅客个人差异的MNL模型拟合误差在1.5％以内;此外,旅客对交通工具拥挤度、舒适度、班次数量以及准时性的关注程度也影响了其选择行为;联运旅客对时间效率尤为关注,超过50％的联运旅客选择地铁,当公交出行时间下调0％～20％时,可以一定程度上将换乘地铁的联运客流转移至公交上.研究结果对于枢纽间换乘需求预测、多方式协同调度以及提供旅客个性化出行服务具有一定的参考作用.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

基于核函数强化学习的抗干扰频点分配

针对学习未知动态的干扰图样问题，提出一种基于核函数强化学习的雷达与通信抗干扰频点协作算法。与需要获得干扰模式、参数等先验知识的研究相反，所提算法能够利用过去时隙中频点的使用情况来优化抗干扰频点分配策略。首先，通过核函数的强化学习来应对维度诅咒问题。其次，基于近似线性相关性的在线内核稀疏化方法，确保了抗干扰频点分配算法的稀疏性。最后，仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。得益于稀疏化码字对于系统动态特性的学习，所提算法与传统基于Q学习的抗干扰频点分配算法相比，收敛时间更短，并且可以快速规避外部未知干扰源的干扰。     

Side-Channel Attacks in a Real Scenario

Existing Side-Channel Attacks(SCAs) have several limitations and, rather than to be real attack methods,can only be considered to be security evaluation methods. Their limitations are mainly related to the sampling conditions, such as the trigger signal embedded in the source code of the encryption device, and the acquisition device that serves as the encryption-device controller. Apart from it being very difficult for an attacker to add a trigger into the original design before making an attack or to control the encryption device, there is a big gap in the capacity of existing SCAs to pose real threats to cipher devices. In this paper, we propose a new method, the sliding window SCA(SW-SCA), which can be applied in scenarios in which the acquisition device is independent of the encryption device and for which the encryption source code requires no trigger signal or modification. First,we describe the main issues in existing SCAs, then we theoretically analyze the effectiveness and complexity of our proposed SW-SCA —a method that can incorporate a sliding-window mechanism into almost all of the existing non-profiled SCAs. The experimental results for both simulated and physical traces verify the effectiveness of the SW-SCA and the appropriateness of its theoretical complexity.     

Antennae and the role of olfaction and contact stimulation in mate recognition by males of the pollinating fig wasp Ceratosolen gravelyi (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)

Finding a mate is a crucial step in sexual reproduction. The mutualism between figs and their pollinators is exploited by many figwasps that develop within their galls and attain sexual maturity simultaneously. Male pollinators carry the specific burden of detecting and opening mating holes in galls containing conspecific females before mating with them. The mating behaviourand antennal sensilla of male pollinators associated with Ficus semicordata was investigated to understand mate recognition. Male Ceratosolen gravelyi located female-containing galls from a distance, but only attempted to chew a mating hole after antennal contact with the gall surface was made. They showed similar responses to females and body extracts but failed to respond to washed female bodies. This behaviour indicates that unidentified chemicals present on the body surfaces of females are sufficient to elicit olfactory attraction and tactile confirmation. Multiporous plate sensilla are candidates for olfactory reception from a distance while basiconic sensilla may be involved in contact chemoreceptor. All of the sensilla are highly localised, on the distal part of the terminal flagellomere, suggesting a response to selection for strong directionality in the complex odour environment of the fig in which messages produced by hundreds of females may confuse precise mate localisation.